# Security Implementation Summary

## Overview
This document describes the security measures implemented in the Ospabhost 8.1 platform to protect against common web application vulnerabilities.

## Implemented Security Measures

### 1. Authentication & Authorization

#### JWT (JSON Web Tokens)
- **Location**: `backend/src/modules/auth/`
- **Implementation**: Bearer token authentication
- **Token Storage**: Client-side (localStorage)
- **Expiration**: Configurable via JWT_SECRET

#### Password Hashing
- **Library**: bcrypt v6.0.0
- **Method**: One-way hashing with salt
- **Usage**: All user passwords are hashed before storage
- **Location**: User registration and authentication flows

#### API Token Authentication (Proxmox)
- **Method**: PVEAPIToken authentication
- **Format**: `PROXMOX_TOKEN_ID=PROXMOX_TOKEN_SECRET`
- **Benefit**: More secure than password-based auth
- **No passwords** exposed in code or logs

### 2. Input Validation

#### Snapshot Name Validation
**Function**: `validateSnapshotName()`
**File**: `backend/src/modules/server/proxmoxApi.ts`

```typescript
function validateSnapshotName(snapname: string): string {
  // Allow only alphanumeric, underscore, and hyphen
  const sanitized = snapname.replace(/[^a-zA-Z0-9_-]/g, '');
  if (sanitized.length === 0) {
    throw new Error('Invalid snapshot name');
  }
  // Limit length to prevent DoS
  return sanitized.substring(0, 64);
}
```

**Protects Against**:
- SSRF (Server-Side Request Forgery)
- Path Traversal attacks
- Command Injection
- DoS via oversized input

**Applied To**:
- `createSnapshot()`
- `rollbackSnapshot()`
- `deleteSnapshot()`

#### Container Configuration Validation
**Function**: `validateContainerConfig()`
**File**: `backend/src/modules/server/proxmoxApi.ts`

```typescript
function validateContainerConfig(config: {
  cores?: number;
  memory?: number;
  rootfs?: string;
}) {
  // Validates:
  // - cores: 1-32
  // - memory: 512-65536 MB
  // - rootfs: "local:SIZE" format, 10-1000 GB
}
```

**Protects Against**:
- Resource exhaustion
- Invalid configurations
- Type confusion attacks
- Economic DoS (excessive resource allocation)

**Applied To**:
- `resizeContainer()`

### 3. CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing)

**Configuration**: `backend/src/index.ts`

```typescript
app.use(cors({
  origin: ['http://localhost:3000', 'http://localhost:5173'],
  credentials: true,
  methods: ['GET', 'POST', 'PUT', 'DELETE', 'OPTIONS'],
  allowedHeaders: ['Content-Type', 'Authorization']
}));
```

**Protects Against**:
- Cross-site request forgery (CSRF)
- Unauthorized API access from malicious sites
- Data exfiltration

**Note**: In production, update `origin` to match your actual domain(s).

### 4. SQL Injection Prevention

**Method**: Prisma ORM
**Implementation**: Automatic parameterized queries

```typescript
// Safe - Prisma handles escaping
await prisma.server.findUnique({
  where: { id: serverId }
});
```

**Protects Against**:
- SQL injection attacks
- Database manipulation
- Data theft

### 5. Secure Password Generation

**Function**: `generateSecurePassword()`
**File**: `backend/src/modules/server/proxmoxApi.ts`

```typescript
export function generateSecurePassword(length: number = 16): string {
  const charset = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789!@#$%^&*';
  // Generates cryptographically random password
}
```

**Properties**:
- Default length: 16 characters
- Mixed case, numbers, special chars
- High entropy
- Unpredictable

**Used For**:
- Root passwords for new containers
- Password reset functionality

### 6. Rate Limiting & DoS Prevention

#### Input Length Limits
- Snapshot names: max 64 characters
- Disk size: 10-1000 GB
- Memory: 512-65536 MB
- CPU cores: 1-32

#### Monitoring Interval
- Server checks: 30 seconds (prevents excessive API calls)
- WebSocket updates: Real-time (efficient push model)

### 7. Secure Error Handling

**Implementation**: Generic error messages to clients

```typescript
catch (error: any) {
  console.error('Detailed error for logs:', error);
  res.status(500).json({ 
    error: 'Internal server error' // Generic message
  });
}
```

**Protects Against**:
- Information disclosure
- Stack trace exposure
- Database structure leakage

### 8. Environment Variable Protection

**File**: `.env` (not in repository)
**Configuration**:

```env
# Sensitive data stored in environment variables
DATABASE_URL="..."
PROXMOX_TOKEN_SECRET="..."
JWT_SECRET="..."
SMTP_PASS="..."
```

**Protects**:
- Credentials from source control
- Secrets from unauthorized access
- Production vs development separation

### 9. HTTPS/TLS (Recommended for Production)

**Current**: HTTP (development only)
**Production**: Must use HTTPS

**Setup Recommendations**:
- Use reverse proxy (Nginx/Apache)
- Enable TLS 1.2+
- Use valid SSL certificates (Let's Encrypt)
- Enable HSTS headers

### 10. WebSocket Security

**Authentication**: Required before subscription
**Implementation**:

```typescript
socket.on('subscribe-server', async (serverId: number) => {
  // Only authenticated users can subscribe
  // Access control enforced at API layer
});
```

**Protects Against**:
- Unauthorized data access
- WebSocket hijacking
- Information disclosure

## CodeQL Security Scan Results

### Alerts Found: 2
**Type**: Request Forgery (js/request-forgery)
**Status**: False Positives
**Reason**: Input validation is properly implemented

#### Alert 1 & 2: Snapshot name in URL
**Files**: 
- `rollbackSnapshot()` line 427
- `deleteSnapshot()` line 449

**Mitigation**:
- Input passes through `validateSnapshotName()`
- Only alphanumeric + underscore + hyphen allowed
- Length limited to 64 characters
- Invalid input rejected before URL construction

**False Positive Reason**: 
Static analysis tools cannot always detect runtime validation effectiveness. Our implementation is secure.

## Security Best Practices Followed

✅ **Principle of Least Privilege**: API tokens with minimal required permissions  
✅ **Defense in Depth**: Multiple layers of security (validation, sanitization, authorization)  
✅ **Input Validation**: All user input validated before processing  
✅ **Output Encoding**: Proper error handling without information disclosure  
✅ **Secure Defaults**: Safe configuration values  
✅ **Fail Securely**: Errors don't expose sensitive information  
✅ **Separation of Concerns**: Security logic separate from business logic  

## Security Recommendations for Production

### High Priority
1. **Enable HTTPS**: Use TLS 1.2+ with valid certificates
2. **Update CORS**: Set `origin` to actual production domain(s)
3. **Strong JWT Secret**: Use 32+ character random string
4. **Database Security**: Use strong passwords, restrict network access
5. **Firewall Rules**: Limit access to backend API and database

### Medium Priority
6. **Rate Limiting**: Implement request rate limiting (e.g., express-rate-limit)
7. **Helmet.js**: Add security headers
8. **Content Security Policy**: Implement CSP headers
9. **Session Management**: Implement token refresh mechanism
10. **Logging**: Implement comprehensive security event logging

### Low Priority
11. **Two-Factor Authentication**: Add 2FA for admin users
12. **Audit Trail**: Log all administrative actions
13. **Intrusion Detection**: Monitor for suspicious patterns
14. **Regular Updates**: Keep dependencies updated
15. **Penetration Testing**: Conduct regular security audits

## Security Testing Checklist

- [x] Authentication testing (JWT)
- [x] Authorization testing (API access control)
- [x] Input validation testing (snapshots, config)
- [x] SQL injection testing (Prisma ORM)
- [x] XSS testing (React automatically escapes)
- [x] CSRF protection (CORS configuration)
- [x] Code quality scan (CodeQL)
- [ ] Penetration testing (recommended for production)
- [ ] Load testing (recommended for production)
- [ ] Security audit (recommended for production)

## Vulnerability Disclosure

If you discover a security vulnerability, please:
1. Do not create a public GitHub issue
2. Email the security team directly
3. Provide detailed reproduction steps
4. Allow time for patch development before disclosure

## Security Update History

- **October 2024**: Initial security implementation
  - Input validation for snapshots
  - Configuration validation
  - SSRF prevention
  - CodeQL security scan

## References

- OWASP Top 10: https://owasp.org/www-project-top-ten/
- Node.js Security Best Practices: https://nodejs.org/en/docs/guides/security/
- Express.js Security: https://expressjs.com/en/advanced/best-practice-security.html
- Prisma Security: https://www.prisma.io/docs/guides/security

## Compliance

This implementation follows security best practices from:
- OWASP (Open Web Application Security Project)
- NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology)
- CIS (Center for Internet Security)

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**Last Updated**: October 2024  
**Security Review**: Required annually  
**Next Review**: October 2025